一,、戒“從一而終”
漢語(yǔ)要言不煩,，句子機(jī)動(dòng),，往往是一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)詞匯對(duì)應(yīng)N個(gè)英語(yǔ)詞匯，詳細(xì)到在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)采取哪個(gè)意項(xiàng),，務(wù)必捉住精力本質(zhì),，不能夠不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。至于怎么應(yīng)變,，這就是顯示譯者功力的處所了,。比方都是“問(wèn)題”，下面的翻譯各不雷同,。
獨(dú)特關(guān)懷的問(wèn)題questions of common interest
解決問(wèn)題solve a problem
問(wèn)題的要害the heart of the matter
要害問(wèn)題a key problem
準(zhǔn)則問(wèn)題a question/matter of principle
不什么問(wèn)題without any mishap
摩托車(chē)有點(diǎn)問(wèn)題Something is wrong with the motorcycle.
問(wèn)題不在這里That is not the point.
譯者要控制這種漢英翻譯中的“游擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)”,，翻譯家應(yīng)是不同“文明王國(guó)”邊疆線上的“游擊策略家”。
沙博里將《水滸傳》譯為Outlaws of the Marsh(池沼地上的流亡之徒),，楊憲益譯將屈原的《國(guó)殤》譯為For Those Fallen for Their Country,，北外出版社將《儒林外史》譯為T(mén)he Scholars。這些都是譯者吃透了原文的原意而譯出的佳作,。
二,、戒顧名思義，機(jī)械直譯
這多半是初學(xué)者犯的弊病,，他們易于被名義景象所困惑,。
黃牛(yellow cowox前誤后正，下同)
黃鸝(yellow bird oriole)
黃瓜( yellow meloncucumber)
紫菜(purple vegetable laver)
紅木(red woodpadauk)
紅豆杉(red firChinese yew)
黑社會(huì)(black society sinistergang)
三,、戒“水土不符”,，習(xí)慣搭配失當(dāng)
這確實(shí)是難度系數(shù)較大的問(wèn)題，它請(qǐng)求譯者既有較高的中文涵養(yǎng),，又要有較高的英文成就,，一知半解的人經(jīng)常在此“翻車(chē)”。如
寫(xiě)罷,，擲筆在桌上,。又歌了一回，再飲數(shù)杯酒,，不覺(jué)陶醉,翻譯公司,，力不勝酒，便呼侍者盤(pán)算了,，取些銀子算還,，多的都賞了侍者。
And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned the verses to himself, then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. SongJiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change. (沙博里譯《水滸傳·潯陽(yáng)樓宋江吟反詩(shī)》)
目前,，《水滸傳》最好的英譯本要數(shù)沙博里先生的本子了,。沙博里誕生在美國(guó),，青年時(shí)來(lái)到中國(guó)，一住就是半個(gè)多世紀(jì),。為了譯好《水滸傳》，據(jù)說(shuō)他潛心研討了的處所志跟舊時(shí)方言,，堪稱精誠(chéng)所致,，譯著既“達(dá)”又“雅”。然而歷史告知咱們,，中國(guó)古人不用過(guò)鋼筆,，宋朝時(shí)用的仍是羊毫，故the pen 應(yīng)改為the writingbrush,。
下面的譯文就較好地照料到了西方人的思維跟懂得習(xí)慣
美國(guó)把商業(yè)和扯在一起,，只會(huì)侵害兩國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)好處。
The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries,文件翻譯.
關(guān)起門(mén)來(lái)搞建設(shè)是不成的,，中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)世界,。
China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world.
四、戒主語(yǔ)黯淡
主語(yǔ)是句子的靈魂,，定住譯文的主語(yǔ)是癥結(jié)的一步棋,。主語(yǔ)定偏了，全部句子將顯得疏松乏力,，甚至?xí)`導(dǎo)讀者,。例如
假如這個(gè)問(wèn)題不解決，勢(shì)必影響兩國(guó)的好處,。
Failure to settle this issue is bound to impair the relations between the two countries seriously.
If the problem is not solved, it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries.
在上面的兩種譯文中,，顯然第一種譯文主語(yǔ)選得好，句子流利,。又如
夏威夷的沙灘上,，椰影婆娑，海風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí),，一妙齡女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上養(yǎng)神,。
On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenialsea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastic chair resting to restore energy.
由于是輕松讀本，又是描寫(xiě)性的文字,，應(yīng)用三個(gè)主語(yǔ)the coconut palms,、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady還是可取的,。
五,、戒構(gòu)造枯燥，組合僵硬“拉郎配”
因?yàn)闈h英結(jié)構(gòu)不同,，表白方法迥異,，硬性翻譯不僅讀起來(lái)別扭,，而且會(huì)鬧出笑話。這就請(qǐng)求譯者在翻譯時(shí)靈巧應(yīng)用整合的技能,，將句子整合,，凸顯漢語(yǔ)中所隱含的檔次，彌補(bǔ)所缺失的成分,。有時(shí)要將簡(jiǎn)略句譯成并列句,，有時(shí)將并列句譯成主從句。
在留念大學(xué)畢業(yè)20周年聚首時(shí),，我突然問(wèn)起本來(lái)的班主任“我個(gè)子又不矮,，怎么把我部署在了第一排呢？”
At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then” Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?”
一個(gè)高度近視的女博士去擦鞋店擦高統(tǒng)靴,，禿頭老板親身蹲下來(lái)給她服務(wù),。
When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopicwent to shoespolishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.
六,、戒“愚忠”,，不諳增減之道
咱們耳熟能詳?shù)呢浬緡?guó)人可能會(huì)覺(jué)得一頭霧水，譯者須要增添必要的闡明和彌補(bǔ)或者減譯,。否則,，外國(guó)人會(huì)不知所云。究竟,，漢譯英終極是給外國(guó)人看的,。
例如風(fēng)水
fengshuithe location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.
七、戒語(yǔ)句重復(fù)
漢語(yǔ)多反復(fù),，以強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)氣,；英語(yǔ)則要盡量防止反復(fù)。
王曰“此鳥(niǎo)不飛則已,，一飛沖天,；不鳴則已，一舉成名,。”
“The bird may not have flown yet”, replied the King, “Once it does, it will soar to the sky. I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone.”(楊憲益譯《史記幽默列傳》
中國(guó)人也好,，本國(guó)人也好，逝世人也好,，活人也好,專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯,，對(duì)的就是對(duì)的，錯(cuò)誤的就是錯(cuò)誤的,。
What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, no matter what it concerns, the Chinese or foreigners, the dead or the living.
八,、戒重整旗鼓，走失精氣神
譯文要力求其“信”，盡可能符合漢語(yǔ)本來(lái)句子的氣概,、情感和構(gòu)造,。
例如，元朝人王實(shí)甫寫(xiě)下了《西廂記》,，張雪靜改編后并作了翻譯
取出張生那封信,，回首環(huán)視見(jiàn)梳妝臺(tái)上的梳妝盒，眼睛一轉(zhuǎn),，心里說(shuō)有了,，將信放了進(jìn)去，合上蓋時(shí)成心壓了一角露在外面,。
Rose took out Zhang's letter, she thought,德語(yǔ)翻譯, “I
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